Asparagus is very well-behaved. It just kinda sits there and does its thing. I've frequently grown annuals in my asparagus beds and have never noticed a problem. Are you interested in developing the asparagus or just using it as an ornamental? Plants that are more deeply-rooted than annuals might compete with the asparagus for moisture and nutrients. That would be my concern.
Do you know exactly what you would want to plant nearby?
Oh, and by the way -- just for your planning purposes -- mature asparagus is well over six feet tall and definitely requires staking.